IVF (in vitro fertilisation) is a form of assisted conception. Eggs are collected from the ovaries, fertilised with sperm in a laboratory, and one or more embryos may later be placed in the womb. Related techniques such as ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) may be used in some cases. IVF is usually considered after assessment of fertility problems, or in specific clinical situations, rather than as a first step for every couple.
NHS funding for IVF depends on local integrated care board (ICB) criteria, age, previous children and other factors, so access varies across the UK. Private IVF is widely available but can be expensive, may involve more than one cycle, and does not guarantee a live birth. Success rates depend on age and clinical circumstances; clinic statistics should be read carefully using HFEA information.
IVF can cause complications. Medicines used to stimulate the ovaries carry a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which can make the ovaries swollen and painful and occasionally requires urgent care. Transferring more than one embryo increases the chance of multiple pregnancy, with higher risks for parent and babies. There is also a slightly increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Clinics should discuss medicines, monitoring, egg collection, embryo transfer, freezing options and emotional support before treatment starts.
In the UK, clinics providing IVF should be licensed by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). Choosing a clinic carefully matters as much as comparing headline prices.
This page is educational and comparative only. It does not recommend IVF for any individual.